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Cardiology
Coronary heart disease
Over the past 9 years, CVD ranked as the third leading cause of death in Hong Kong. It constitutes around 80% of sudden death. Among different types of cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease constitutes a major portion of the mortality. Coronary heart disease occurs when cholesterol layers deposit on the inner wall of coronary arteries and narrow the lumens of the arteries. The process limited blood supply to cardiac muscle and resulted in exertional chest pain.
Symptoms
People suffering from coronary heart disease may experience central crushing chest pain, especially after vigorous exercise. The pain may radiate to the arm, shoulder, neck and jaw. During a heart attack, the pain will be much more severe and long-lasting. Other symptoms include palpitation, dizziness, sweating, nausea and weakness. It may be associated with breathlessness and bilateral leg swelling when the patient is in heart failure.
Risk factors
There are many risk factors for coronary heart disease and many of them are preventable or treatable. They include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, lack of physical activity and chronic stress. A family history of the disease also increases the risk.
Diagnostics and Treatment
CT Coronary Angiography (CTCA) is a non-invasive imaging method to assess coronary vessels and whether narrowing is present in any of the arteries. High-risk patients and patients with chest pain are often recommended by a doctor for CTCA.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is a surgery that dilates and maintains patency for any narrowing of the coronary arteries to regain normal arterial blood flow.
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